Compare handmaids tale and 1984 Essay

In The Handmaid’s Tale Margaret Atwood puts over the feeling of secret, things that were once there yet are no more. She discusses ‘the sharp smell of sweat, shot through with the sweet smell of biting gum and perfume’ which originated from the young ladies who once viewed the b-ball coordinates that were ‘formally played there’. In the primary area of this book we get the inclination that the character is very lost, lost in what used to be and not in the present time and place. She informs us regarding the moves that ‘would have been held there’ and the waiting music that she could at present hear faintly. We get the inclination that this ladies has practically nothing, no close to home things, no riches; nothing. The way that the ladies in this structure were not permitted to trade names tells the peruser this is a jail, the ladies have no opportunity they are continually being viewed by the ‘Angels’ moreover in Nineteen Eighty-Four composed by George Orwell there is a huge comparability between the ‘Angels’ in The Handmaid’s Tale and the Posters in Nineteen Eighty-Four. The Angels watch over the ladies and in Nineteen Eighty-Four the banner which is depicted as a ‘one of those photos which are created to the point that the eyes tail you about when you move.’ Watch over each and every individual who passes by it. Underneath it the inscription read ‘BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU’ radiating the feeling that somebody, some place is watching this moderately aged man. The man portrayed on the banner some may state must be the depiction of Hitler; ‘a man of around forty-five, with s overwhelming dark mustache and roughly attractive features’ Winston additionally discloses to us that the banners were ‘plastered everywhere’ likewise uncovering, similar to The Handmaid’s Tale that no place is sheltered. Adding to this is the telescreen, which can't be turned off again might be an indication that a person or thing is continually watching you, and that you are rarely alone. Both the Angels and the Posters in these books are exceptionally scary figures or ‘objects of fear.’ The Angels didn't look or converse with the ladies just remained with their backs to them to show mastery. Correspondingly the ‘enormous face, in excess of a meter wide’ put on the dividers with the eyes that tailed you when you move is likewise observed as an indication of mastery. The two figures give indications of both animosity and extraordinary significance, the way that the Angles won't talk or take a gander at the ladies reveals to us that they areâ seen as more noteworthy than them. Notwithstanding this the way that there are such a significant number of these banners and the focusing look on the gigantic face likewise shows extraordinary inconvenience and stress.

Anowa- Whose Fault Free Essays

African Women Writers Tragic Responsibility Anowa is the second, last, and most practiced play composed by Ghanaian dramatist, artist, short-story author, and writer Ama Ata Aidoo. Anowa was first distributed in 1970 and had it’s British debut in London in 1991 (Enotes, 2013). It recounts to the tale of a youthful African lady named Anowa. We will compose a custom exposition test on Anowa-Whose Fault? or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now She isn't care for any of the other customary ladies in the town. Anowa likes to settle on her own decisions and lives by her own conclusions. The older folks call her obstinate, she won’t wed any of the durable men in the town, she snickers at her own jokes, hear her out own stories, and follows her own recommendation (67). They all trust her vision is blurred. Her mom, Badua, wishes to see her wed a man and her dad could mind less what she does. She winds up meeting a man, Kofi, in the town and experiences passionate feelings for him. She nonsensically escapes with him and weds him. She totally abandons her family and starts an existence with Kofi. After some time, they fall away from one another do to correspondence issues and richness issues. Because of the monstrous agony and sorrow from the circumstance, Kofi and Anowa both slaughter each other at long last. There is banter inside the content about who was to blame for the unfortunate consummation. Many state that Anowa was the sole explanation behind their suicides. In spite of the fact that everybody in the general public is to blame. Anowa’s guardians, Anowa, Kofi, and the customary society are to blame. Badua has ruined Anowa for an amazing majority. She has permitted her girl to act and think as she wishes. Badua states, â€Å"how would she be able to gone to any great when everybody is continually tattling about her? † (70). The mother is to blame for permitting her youngster to let her brain run free as a kid and into her pre-adulthood. She needed her girl to have control and afterward when she had it and decided to be with Kofi, her mom turned out to be controlling and furious. As Badua whines to Osam, Anowa’s father, about her little girl not finding a spouse, Osam keeps in touch with her grumbling off by saying that his solitary obligation was to make kids (71). Osam proceeds to clarify that he needed her to turn into a priestess. Badua would not hear him out. She secured her ears and clarified that priestess’ are not individuals; they are an excess of like Gods they decipher, they don’t feel and they have no disgrace (72). Osam is to blame since he keeps away from the circumstance. He doesn’t care what Anowa picks and he doesn’t care to tune in to his own significant other. On page 78, Osam states his view about Anowa being juvenile. Despite the fact that he knows this, not once did he effectively make her a more â€Å"mature† lady (78). On page 91, Badua states how she ought to have â€Å"taught (Anowa) to wed a man. † It is unexpected considering she doesn’t have an extraordinary marriage and picked a man who doesn’t care. Badua and Osam are at fault for Anowa’s conduct. Anowa assumes a huge job in the catastrophe. Despite the fact that she isn't the just one to fault, she is by a long shot one of the primary purposes behind the suicides. There is nothing amiss with her needing to think and pick all alone. However she picks a man she met off the road; A man whom many see as unsatisfactory for any lady around. At the point when she meets him, she has her legs and her bosoms uncovered (69). While Kofi and Anowa were swooning in the town, a lady glanced back at them and falls over. The two of them chuckle, finding the circumstance amusing, however it shows the low development level the two of them have (69). When Kofi proposes, Anowa runs home and is shouting in the boulevards. Badua discloses to her she is wedding a â€Å"fool,† a â€Å"watery male. † Badua discloses to Anowa that â€Å"marriage resembles a bit of cloth†¦it’s excellence goes with mileage. She was attempting to clarify that what tallies is what is within, not the outside. Anowa promptly reacts with, â€Å"I don’t care! † (77). She is being silly and rash. She isn’t pondering what is best for her. She is contemplating her own wants and is being childish. Nobody in the story g enuinely realizes what is correct or wrong. After she escapes with Kofi, she continually contends with him. She expresses that she doesn’t need any security and that she can deal with herself. She accepts she can do everything all alone. She is uninformed. Kofi reacts with authenticity yet she generally needs to battle him in any case. There are times when Kofi needs to illuminate her with another idea, for example, medication, however she promptly kills him. She isn't receptive and isn’t ready to forfeit anything for him (85). However she expects every other person and Kofi to be liberal. Anowa will converse with herself about Kofi instead of simply conversing with Kofi about what’s going on in her mind. In the event that she doesn't get her direction, she misrepresents her feelings, such as saying she was going to â€Å"cut her throat. † (90). For quite a long time, she realizes she is despondent and that she sees no future for herself with him. Rather than standing up to that, she battles Kofi and agitators against all that he picks. Anowa’s adolescence is seen even toward the finish of the book when she brings in everybody from town to recount Kofi’s choice to show her out of the house and to uncover him of his fruitlessness and absence of manliness (121). You can’t reprimand individuals for not having the right response to everything, except it’s evident that Anowa is mostly to fault. All through the entire story, Kofi plays the person in question. He controls the circumstance to cause it to appear as though he isn’t to blame for anything and that he has settled on all the best options he figures he could have made. Much the same as Anowa, he converses with himself regularly about the issues inside their relationship and how he feels however they never convey those things together. When Anowa expresses her genuine thoughts, Kofi asks who disclosed to her that data, as though she couldn’t have an independent mind. Kofi just lives by what others state is correct or wrong, as opposed to tuning in to himself. Anowa needs to continue working however he thinks they reserve the privilege to rest. He never makes a trade off with her expressing that she could work in the event that she truly needed to. Kofi can tell that Anowa is despondent however he could mind less. He does nothing to cause her to feel more joyful. From the earliest starting point of the story, the subject of his manliness is developing. The elderly people ladies clarifies how he â€Å"combs his hair to an extreme. † (80). When Anowa starts to see they can't have kids, she accepts she is to blame. At the point when she offers to discover Kofi another lady. This is the ordinary convention for their way of life, yet he gets irritated at her assistance. This is one time in the story where he decides not to follow customary ways. At a certain point, he needs to purchase men and Anowa doesn't care for this thought. She expresses that she doesn’t need assistance from other men. Kofi says, â€Å"if you don’t, I do. † (90). Which is as yet not a decent clarification or explanation behind getting them. He clarifies that they will be aides and that they won’t be â€Å"carrying† him or anything of that sort. Before the finish of the book, these men are conveying him. â€Å"But the Kofi of the exchange bondage, who at last relies upon slave work, is the Kofi of the overabundance that adulterates the spirit. The new Kofi, who has made a settlement with the fiend of material achievement regardless of at whose cost, is now dead some time before his suicide† (Ngugi wa Thiong’o). After some time, Kofi starts to dress better and is consistently with the men he purchased. He sees a specialist at one point in the story and discovers that he can't have youngsters. Despite the fact that he has this data, he despite everything faults Anowa as though it was her shortcoming they couldn’t have youngsters. He never discloses to her that he is the one with the issue. Anowa raises the issue again towards the finish of the book. She says she needs to discover him another spouse to have youngsters with and he gets frantic at her. Anowa has a revelation and asks, â€Å"Are you biting the dust? † (117). She understands that he is the one with the ripeness issue and has keeping it from her. She expresses that his has â€Å"exhausted his masculinity,† that he is â€Å"dead wood. † (122). She does the entirety of this before everybody in the network. She embarrasses him and he runs off and shoots himself. She at that point suffocates herself before long. Everybody in the story was accusing every other person. They all had various reasons and various conclusions about who was at fault for the catastrophe. Due to Anowa’s untraditional soul, a significant number of the individuals censured her for everything. The reality of the situation is that everybody in the story was to blame. Nobody needed to impart appropriately, nobody was taught accurately, everybody had a gigantic conscience and nobody was eager to work anything out. Everybody was unreasonable and juvenile. Everybody is to be faulted for the suicides. List of sources Literature of Developing Nations for Students,  ©2013 Gale Cengage. Recovered at: http://www. enotes. com/anowa. Ngugi wa Thiong’0. Ama Ata Aidoo: A Personal Celebration. April, 2012. Recovered at: http://www. newafricanmagazine. com/highlights/culture/ama-ata-aidoo-an individual festival. Aidoo, Ama Ata, Anowa, Longman Group, 1970. Step by step instructions to refer to Anowa-Whose Fault?, Papers

What to Expect From Assertive Community Treatment

What to Expect From Assertive Community Treatment Addiction Coping and Recovery Print The Basics of Assertive Community Treatment By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 05, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 19, 2019 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In This Article Table of Contents Expand Definition History Who It Serves Locations Characteristics Services Provided Benefits Criticisms View All Back To Top Assertive community treatment (ACT) is a form of community-based mental health care for individuals experiencing serious mental illness that interferes with their ability to live in the community, attend appointments with professionals in clinics and hospitals, and manage mental health symptoms. If you or someone you know has been referred to an assertive community treatment program, you may be wondering whether this is the best option and what it will entail. Rest assured that ACT is an evidence-based practice that has been studied for several decades, and has likely been offered to you for specific reasons. Definition of ACT The simple definition of assertive community treatment is an intensive, integrated approach to community mental health service delivery. What this means is that mental health services are provided in a community setting (rather than a more restrictive residential or hospital setting) to people experiencing serious mental illness. The mission of ACT is to help people become independent and integrate into the community as they experience recovery. Secondary goals include reducing homelessness and unnecessary hospital stays. In this way, ACT offers treatment in the real world and the team of professionals provides help using a whole team approach. Many people suffer from symptoms of mental illness that impact their ability to function in daily life and that land them in the hospital emergency department seeking services. The goal of ACT is to reduce this reliance on hospitals by providing round-the-clock services to the people who need it most. In this way, assertive community treatment could be expected to help to reduce preventable outcomes of mental illness, such as homelessness and substance abuse. History How did assertive community treatment get its start? Go back to the 1970s and a picture will quickly emerge of a shift away from institutionalization of patients with severe mental illness. At the same time, community services were poorly set up to help these people who were no longer living in institutional settings. The founders of ACT were Leonard I. Stein, Mary Ann Test, Arnold J. Marx, Deborah J. Allness, William H. Knoedler and other colleagues at Mendota Mental Health Insitute in Madison, Wisconsin (a state psychiatric hospital). As unusual as it sounds, at the time that assertive community treatment first came into being, it was considered a radical approach. Since that time, however, it has become one of the most important delivery methods for specific populations of those with mental illness. Whats more, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) has been on board, publishing a manual for ACT in 1998 and operating a training and advocacy center from 1998 to 2004. Who Assertive Community Treatment Serves If you or a family member has been assigned ACT services, you might wonder why you were chosen to receive this type of service. Below is a list of the most common reasons a person will be offered assertive community treatment services: persons with severe symptoms of mental illnesspeople with significant thought disorders such as schizophreniayoung adults experiencing early-stage schizophreniapeople with stigmatized mental illnessespersons with high rates of substance abusepeople with a significant history of traumathose with frequent hospital stayspeople experiencing homelessness due to mental illnesspersons with overlapping physical and mental illnesses (for instance, hard-of-hearing individuals with a mental illness)persons experiencing psychiatric crisespeople with mental illness in the criminal justice systemrefugees with mental illnesspeople unlikely to attend appointments at hospitals or clinicspeople who have not responded well to traditional outpatient care ACT Locations Assertive community treatment has been implemented in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. For example, specifically in the United States, ACT was implemented across the country by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Services are not provided in a clinic, but rather in the patients home, in community locations (such as a coffee shop, restaurant, or public park), in homeless shelters, or wherever is most appropriate and convenient for the person using the service. Characteristics If you are about to enter assertive community treatment, you are probably unsure of what to expect. Most ACT programs have similar structures, so the following may give you some guidance on what the program will offer. Your treatment plan will be centered around your own personal strengths, needs, and desires for the futureACT is offered long-term but not unlimited; the goal is to eventually transition you to other services or for you to maintain what you have learned on your ownThe focus of ACT is on community integration and getting you back to living a normal lifeACT follows a holistic approach to treatment, meaning that all areas of your life are targets for improvementACT usually has a ratio of about 10:1, meaning that for every 10 clients there will be one team member assignedMost clients have multiple contacts with team members each weekACT is offered 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to ensure that you always have the help you needAn ACT team generally includes a psychiatrist, social workers, nurses, occupational therapists, peer support specialists, and moreACT is a considered a medically monitored non-residential service, which is two steps down from the highest level of service (medically ma naged residential service)Team members will develop long-term relationships with you regardless of whether you become homeless or find yourself incarceratedWhen you are doing better, you will be transitioned out of the ACT program Services Provided by ACT What are the specific services that you can expect to receive from the ACT team? The following is a list of some of the primary services that assertive community treatment offers: initial and ongoing assessmentspsychiatric services such as coping with psychotic episodes or crisessubstance abuse serviceshelp with employment and housingeducation for family members and you about your mental illnesstreatment planning and monitoringaccompanying you to medical appointments and dentist appointmentsrepresentation at court hearingshelp with finances (such as managing money and paying bills)helping you to grow confident with housekeeping, shopping, cooking, and transportationemployment support such as finding and keeping a jobhelp to order and manage medications The Benefits Overall, research evidence on assertive community treatment has been positive with some caveats. A 2016 evidence review showed that ACT reduced self-reported psychiatric symptoms, hospital stays, and emergency department visits among people with mental illness and substance abuse. In general, from the dozens of randomized controlled trials that have been conducted, it can be concluded that ACT is more effective than standard services in reducing hospital use, but findings for other outcomes are less clear. While studies have shown improvements in housing, symptom management, and quality of life for ACT, these findings were most evident for people who tended to return to hospitals often. It has been noted that ACT may be most helpful in communities that do not have well coordinated mental health care systems, which result in overuse of hospitals by those with serious mental illness. For example, ACT may show better outcomes in the United States than in the United Kingdom, because the former has a poorly coordinated system for mental health care that results in more hospital stays, while the latter has a well-coordinated system that already includes many aspects of ACT in its standard care. Other research has shown ACT to be more effective than standard care in reducing the risk of hospital stays and incarceration, specifically in poor inner-city neighborhoods, and reducing alcohol use or incarceration among those with antisocial personality disorder. Furthermore, among the homeless, it has been shown that ACT results in more satisfaction with care and more stable housing situations than standard care. This is easy to understand when you consider the ACT modelâ€"homeless individuals meet service providers where it is convenient for them are more likely to benefit from services than those who must travel to receive help. Finally, in a Cochrane review of 38 clinical trials from the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia, it was shown that ACT was more effective than standard care in lowering the time spent in hospitals and improving social functioning and independent living. At the same time, mental health and quality of life were not shown to improve more than when standard care was offered. Overall, the research evidence suggests that ACT is most helpful for people with serious mental illness as a method to keep them out of the hospital and in the community. Criticism of ACT Overall, there have been some criticisms of the ACT program. One is that ACT is simply a system of coercion in which hospitals deny admission to patients based on their enrollment in the ACT program. At the same time, isnt staying in the community the goal of all mental health initiatives? In this way, it seems that regardless of whether the tactics are coercive, if patients can be treated in the community where they live, tracked through prison and homeless shelters, and offered 24/7 care at their convenience, then the benefits may be worth the drawbacks. A Word From Verywell If you have been assigned to receive assertive community treatment services, you may feel nervous about what to expect or what sort of support you will receive. Know that your team will be available to answer questions and offer support to you long-term in the community at locations that serve you best. As a person living with serious mental illness, ACT is an effective long-term support that should serve you well. Mental Health and Addiction

Social Anxiety Disorder ( Sad ) Essay - 1221 Words

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the third largest mental health problem in the world. The latest government data shows that social anxiety disorders affect about 7% of the population at any given time. The lifetime prevalence rate (the chances of developing a social anxiety disorder at any time during their lifespan) stands slightly above 13% (Richards Ph.D., Psychologist, 2016). Social Anxiety is not shyness; it is a real disorder that involves interaction with others. It is a fear of being judged by others and that judgment being wrong. It causes people to have anxiety and fear of failure. People with this disorder tend to be shy, withdrawn, and may seem to be unsocial since they fear judgement. Although people with this disorder want to be friendly, and want to be open and social in public situations, the fear of judgement and anxiety that it causes holds them back. Many things can trigger these symptoms and they can be experienced in many ways: †¢ Being introduced to new people †¢ Being teased or criticized a lot †¢ Being the center of attention †¢ Having to speak in front of a group of people (Richards Ph.D., Psychologist, 2016) This is by no means a complete list, other symptoms can also be associated with this disorder as well (Richards Ph.D., Psychologist, 2016). Ever since the term social phobia was introduced in 1980, there has been a lot of confusion as to the differences between â€Å"shyness† and â€Å"social anxiety disorder (formerly social phobia) to the point thatShow MoreRelatedSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad )1901 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is defined as a chronic and often disabling condition that is associated with uncontrollable worry and tension with symptoms that include restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, and/or sleep disturbance. People with social anxiety disorder also experience an intense, persistent fear of drawing attention to themselves in social situations, believing that their flaws will be exposed and that they will be negatively evaluated and rejected. It’s a terrible andRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1714 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the DSM 5, social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a chronic and persistent disorder characterized by an intense fear of s ocial situations. Those with SAD often fear that other will judge them for negative traits or evaluate them harshly, preventing them from engaging in social behaviors. This fear may seem disproportionate to the situation faced and sociocultural context involved, but is salient enough to be debilitating and effect daily functioning. ). Many of the afflicted inhibit theirRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Essay735 Words   |  3 Pages Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia) is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. Latest government epidemiological data show social phobia affects over 7% of the population at any given time. The lifetime prevalence rate (i.e., the chances of developing social anxiety disorder at any time during the lifespan) stands at above 13%. Definition: Social anxiety is the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. Put anotherRead MoreEssay on Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1308 Words   |  6 PagesSocial anxiety disorder (social phobia) can be described as an extreme, persistent fear of being scrutinized or judged by others in social situations. This fear may lead to feelings of embarrassment, humiliation and self-consciousness. People who suffer from this condition may â€Å"feel powerless against their anxiety† (ADAA). These emotions often interfere with daily activities, such as school, work and personal relationships. The person might begin to withdraw socially or avoid situations in whichRead MoreEssay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1173 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorders is defined as a marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others (Cuncic). People who do not believe in this disorder think that it’s just shyness that is being pathologized (Cuncic). Just because you may be a little shy or a bit nervous on occasion doesnt mean that you have this condition. Social Anxiety Disorders are psychological problemsRead MoreEssay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1072 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social Anxiety Disorder or social phobia, is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. (Stein, 2010) National statistical surveys carried out in 2002 in the United Kingdom suggest that the prevalence rates for social phobias among young people in the UK were around 4%. (National Statistics, 2002) ‘Social phobia is characterised by intense and persistent fear of social situations in which scrutiny and embarrassment could occur’. (Orsillo Hammond 2001, p.159)Read MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad )1238 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder Affecting One’s Life Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is the most common mental illness in the United States. About 40 million people suffer from this mental disorder. Many tend to confuse this disorder with shyness and nervousness, which are not considered a part of the phobia. Having a SAD can interfere with one’s daily life cycle. People who have SAD often starts to develop this illness during their childhood and adolescence years. Patients areRead MoreHow I Overcame Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Essay example1387 Words   |  6 Pagesof a panic disorder and those of an anxiety disorder. With each question I gave a nod in response, not a â€Å"yes†, not even a â€Å"yeah†, just a nod.â€Å"Have you ever experienced a rapid heartbeat, faintness of breath associated with these experiences?† I nodded. â€Å"Have you ever experienced sweating, numbness, shaking in this context† she asked. I nodded. A few minutes later, several question and se veral nods had brought her to a conclusion. I had a panic and anxiety disorder in relation to social stimuli whichRead MoreMananaging Social Anxiety Disorder1491 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGING SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER INTRODUCTION 1. The concept of fear dated back as far as 400 BC. During this time, Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician described the overly shy person as â€Å"someone who loves darkness as life and thinks every man observes him†. When fear is persistent and exaggerated, it results to tension and stress and consequently, anxiety. 2. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines anxiety as â€Å"a nervous disorder marked by a feeling of uneasiness†. An anxiety disorder involvesRead MoreHow Does Social Anxiety Disorder Effect the Routine of a Person?661 Words   |  3 Pagesidea of â€Å"social fear† goes back as early as 400 B.C. where Hippocrates described the overly shy person as someone who â€Å"thinks every man observes him.† Even Charles Darwin wrote about the physiology concerning blushing and shyness. The psychiatric term â€Å"social phobia† wasn’t used until the early 1900s. In 1994, the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) was published and the term social anxiety disorder (SAD) replaced â€Å"social phobia.† Social anxiety disorder

Comparing How do I Love Thee by Elizabeth Barrett Browning...

Comparing How do I Love Thee by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and A Brithday by Christina Rosetti Much of the poetry written prior to the 19th Century was devoted to the many types of love, both the sensations and feelings related to this subject, and also the poet attempting to capture in writing how the feeling of being in love has changed him or her. For these reasons, it is important top analyse examples of this poetry in terms of how the different poets have captured the sensations of being in different types of love. Also, how the poets have conveyed to the reader the different types of love one can experience. Finally, how the poets convey to the reader a sense of how being in love has changed†¦show more content†¦She is comparing her love which cannot be seen to something that can be seen and heard, she uses this methods of relating to objects such as rainbows, birds and an apple tree to love, this is how she gets her sensation across to the reader. This is compared to How do I love thee? where Elizabeth Browning uses actual measurements (length, breadth) to g et across the sensation of love. However, in the poem First Love the poet John Clare captures the sensation s of falling in love in a different way. As he sees someone who he falls in love with he describes his sensation with things that happen to his body. For example when he sees here he says My face turned pale as deadly pale. My legs refused to walk away. He uses these reactions to show his sensation of love. In the two poems How do I love thee? and A Birthday there is different types of love in the poetry. In How do I love thee? the sensation of love being described by Elizabeth Browning is being in love with somebody, using her different techniques she says how she loves this person. However, in the poem A Birthday by Christina Rosetti she is describing a different type of love. She is describing the type of love of

Hold the Future in Your Hand Free Essays

â€Å"Hold the Future in your Hand† In 1962, Sony put an ad out to introduce one of the first micro televisions (TV). This tiny box was a milestone in television viewing at that point in time. Who could believe that in is era that Sony would create a television that could actually be held in the palm of the hand? At only 8lbs. We will write a custom essay sample on Hold the Future in Your Hand or any similar topic only for you Order Now it is not much larger than your telephone. Think of it, it’s the early 60’s and a typical household only had one television, then suddenly an advertisement comes out describing a television that can be held in your hand. Imagine it, a rechargeable TV, one that could be used by normal battery, auto battery or by plugging it into the wall. Now all of a sudden this was not only a small TV to fit in a person’s hand, but one that could be brought anywhere. No longer was a family tied to watching TV just at home, now television was able to be watched anywhere. The 1962 ad â€Å"Hold the Future in your Hands, by Sony† is an effective advertisement that in it’s time was cutting edge technology; Sony shows appeal to men and women, versatility as well ad keeping up with a demanding future. To begin with, Sony’s attempt in bringing portable televisions to the horizon was very effective in the way they advertised. They created a television that was not only designed to appeal to both sexes but to show their leap in technology as well. Sony did not just put out a hand held television they also made one that you could use without having to watch television in the home, but rather one that you could watch on the road or outside. Secondly, over the past 66 years, Sony has continually shown us that they are always on the cutting edge of something big. Even back in the 1960’s when they were well ahead of their competitors; Sony produced a product that was not only new and inventive but versatile as well. Sony jumped ahead in the competition by creating a television that was not only useful at home but on the go as well. At that point in time they were the first on the market to design a television with portability. When Sony created this ad showing a woman holding the television in her hand Sony created an appeal to both sexes with this Micro TV, which made it an easier sell. In the 1960’s men were the primary television watchers when they got home from work, but by Sony using the type of ad they did they were able to appeal to the women. Although, this is not as characteristic today as it was in 1960, back then more woman were stay at home wives and mothers and their job was to ensure that dinner and housework was completed. Having this Micro TV that did not have to be plugged in was a blessing for women to be able to watch television wherever they were in the home. Finally, over the years Sony has continually surprised me with their ability to create electronics that make our life easier, as well as give us items to make our life more enjoyable. I would fully recommend Sony to anyone who was in the market for cutting edge electronics. References Yue, Michelle (2012, November). Retro Ad of the Week Retrieved from: http://mascola. com/insights/? p=5460 How to cite Hold the Future in Your Hand, Papers

The Management Information System-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.What are the problems of managing data resources in a traditional file Environment and how are they solved by a database Management System? 2.What are the Major capabilities of database Management Systems (DBMS) and why is a relational DBMS so powerful? 3.What are some Important Principles of database design? 4.What are the Principal tools and technologies for accessing Information from databases to improve Business Performance and decision making? 5.Why are Information policy, data administration, and data quality assurance essential for managing the firms data resources. Answers: 1.There are many functions that the Information System performs to make a business successful. There are components of Information Technology which includes input things, processing things, output components and feedback process. The process that is most important is the feedback process but this is overlooked most of the time. The functions of Information System mainly include MIS (Management Information System), TPS (Transaction Processing System), DSS (Decision Support System) and ESS (Executive Support System). The Management Information System (MIS) is a system that deals with the issues related to behavior and the issues that are related to technical assets surrounding the organization. MIS also deals with the impact of system that is used by employees and managers in an industry. Management Information System deals with the study of information that mainly focuses on the management and the business of the organization. The second function of Information Technology is the Transaction Processing System (TPS). The transaction of the business processes depends on the daily operations that are being carried out in an organization. Daily transaction includes paychecks creation, purchase orders and many more. All these processes are done by TPS with IT in an organization. The third function that is considered is the DSS system. DSS system is known as Decision Support System. The DSS is helpful for owners and the managers. DSS allows using ad-hoc reports or predefined reports so that they can support the planning operations and decisions related with problem resolution. DSS gives answers to particular questions so that they can evaluate the impact of the decisions that are taken before their implementation. The last function that is involved in Information Technology is the Executive Support System (ESS). This function involves reports that are generally predefined which help the managers and owners of small businesses to identify the trends for long term to support the strategic planning and the decision making that is non-routine. There is a ESS screen on which the user can click on any of the icons that are displayed and search for the report criteria. By this method, the user will be able to view all the graphs and reports that are pre-defined that are based on cost accounting, scheduling and sales. 2.To deliver efficiency and have competitive advantage, Information System should have SCM (Supply Chain Management) in the organization. SCM in an organization increases the intimacy of the organization. There is also Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system that increases the intimacy of the custom in a system. SCM helps in switching cost in between suppliers and company because of the software and hardware that are needed to make a successful system. The CRM system gives details of the customers to the companies which provide a competitive advantage to all the customers as compared to traditional competitors and entrants of new markets. The internet technology gives all the traditional competitors so that they can produce new services and products and attract customers to the company. Low cost avenue is provided for entrants of new market by Information Technology. Substitute services and products can be quickly and easily searched by consumers by the help of internet. the in formation that are provided on the internet can be used by customers for making a strong competition among all the persisting companies and the suppliers can upgrade their power in the market. 3.There are many social and ethical issues that are faced in an organization working with Information Technology. Many organizations do not think about the social and ethical issues that may arise in their systems. The use of Information Technology always has ethical as well as social issues where they are used. It is very important to understand the social issues and the ethical issues and the challenges that the management may face due to the impact of these issues. The risks that arise from new technologies are to be understood by the organizations and the problem that are faced to establish policies of corporate ethics which brings issues in Information Technology. The social and ethical issues that are faced by an organization are: Information Technology systems that are contemporary that includes Internet Technologies challenges that are faced by traditional regimens for the protection of privacy and the intellectual property. Technology of data analysis and data storages enables the company for easily collecting personal data of all the individuals from different sources and also analyze the data that are collected to create a detailed profile of the individuals and also include their behaviors. The data that flows over Internet can be easily monitored. The activities that are done on the websites can easily be tracked using cookies and many others tools of web monitoring which serves as an ethical issue because any intruder may know about the searching of the user or the company through those tools. 4.There are seven components that make the Internet Technology infrastructure. These mainly includes: platforms of computer hardware, platforms of operating system, applications of enterprise software, telecommunication and networking technologies, system and consultants integrators and lastly the storage and data management. The infrastructures that are needed to be managed are mainly the software, hardware and the services. The major challenge that is faced by the IT organizations is the process power is increasing in the computer which leads in energy lack and also increase the space of supercomputers. This can be solved by implementing graphical processors and platforms for multi core machines. Firewalls are important because it protects applications and emails and also prevents packet losses of data in the networks. This results in loss of data and also reduces the speed of the network. The mangers of IT need computing resources that have high computing ability with large amount of data and should have a bridge which is secured. 5.Complementary assets that are needed for IT activities of value adding that is used for acquiring, distributing information and transforming so that they can improve the management of decision making, enhance the organizational performance and increase the profitability of the firm. This value cannot be provided unless they are accompanied with supportive changes in management and organization which are known as the complementary assets. New models of business, new processes of business, organizational culture, incentive for innovation and management support, social assets and training are included in complementary assets. Organizations that have appropriate investments on the complementary assets receive returns that are superior on IT investments.

Royal Caribbean Cruises Limited Made Efforts to Adapt to the Paradigm Shift of Information Technology and Its Function Within the Ever-Growing Cruise Line Industry free essay sample

Royal Caribbean Cruises Limited made efforts to adapt to the paradigm shift of Information Technology and its function within the ever-growing cruise line industry Jesse Brothers Abstract Royal Caribbean Cruises Limited (RCCL) was founded in 1969. They currently operate under the brands of Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises and Pullmantor. Predominantly known as the second largest cruise ship company behind Carnival Cruises, RCCL still has a firm hold on cruise ship market share. According to their website, RoyalCaribbean. com, RCCL brought in net revenues of over $607 million in 2011, which is up from $515 and $152 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. They used their fleet consisting of 39 ships to make approximately 92,000 berths last year†¦ but things were not always looking so optimistic for Royal Caribbean Cruises Limited. Problem Statement Things were looking up for RCCL and their hiring of high level IT personnel have led to advancements in the company’s IT infrastructure and future technology endeavors. We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Caribbean Cruises Limited Made Efforts to Adapt to the Paradigm Shift of Information Technology and Its Function Within the Ever-Growing Cruise Line Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But ultimately, the company had three strategic goals of (1) Enhancing Guest Experience (2) Reduce Costs and (3) Increase Revenues to try to set themselves apart within the cruise industry as they tried to make the leap into the â€Å"digital† age. But given the events of 9/11 and its impact on the industry, how would RCCL optimize its IT spending especially if it is still working on an â€Å"analog† budget? Background Dating back to the 90’s, RCCL has always been the proverbial second fiddle to Carnival Cruises. RCCL’s Chairman and CEO, Richard Fain, noticed that the primary reason for Carnival’s success was their ability to drive down marginal costs per ship by â€Å"standardizing its fleets down to details as small as bedspreads and barstools† (McFarland, 2003). However, it was important to Fain for each RCCL ship to have its own identity. So, the problem in front of the long time CEO and Chairman was high would RCCL take steps toward a bigger market share without compromising its differentiation between Carnival and other cruise ship organizations. For Fain, the answer would be to move RCCL into the digital age. So in April of 1999, Fain brought in a new CIO named Thomas Murphy to lead the paradigm shift. Murphy, with a IT background in the hospitality industry, immediately made an impact as people titles were changed and some positions were even eliminated in an attempt to change the overall outlook of RCCL’s staff, both high and low level, had toward its own IT department. Murphy was once quoted saying, â€Å"there was a huge disconnect in their thinking, a gap that had kept IT and the business apart† (Hughes, 2001). Murphy’s first projects were implemented and received well both by customers and by RCCL’s employees. The first major change was to hire IMB Business Services as a consultant to link together RCCL’s shore-side and on-board technology systems. The second major change was the improvements made were to the previously mentioned shore excursion program and the switch from diesel to gas engines. At this point, the buy-in from the board and staff for the new and improved IT department was completely formulated. The next big project for Murphy and his department was called â€Å"Leapfrog†. This was supposed to be what helps RCCL move into the number one spot for cruise line industry market share. Leapfrog consisted of 3 main IT projects: 1) Supply Chain – automate and simplify the shore-side purchasing and procuring processes 2) Human Resource – automate employee tracking software to help with training and knowledge management 3) Customer Service Upgrade – create a new and improved reservation tool for customers to synchronize all reservation systems for the company and to help sales and marketing utilize the data being collected Leapfrog was set to be a $200 million project that also helped make it affordable to launch 4 new ships and hire 20k more employees. The entire IT infrastructure was going to be revamped, including more servers, new networks and other IT service components. Sink or Swim: the fallout from 9/11 attacks The old adage goes, â€Å"you have to spend money to make money†. Well, after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, RCCL executives knew that making money was going to be a lot more difficult. They lost 50% of their 4th quarter bookings within a week of those attacks and Q1 of 2002 was starting to look bleak as well. Fain quickly gathered his executive team and made a decision that ultimately would affect the company’s future financials for several years. He concluded that there were three avenues that RCCL could possibly go toward now. â€Å"The first option was to slow down and cut 25% off some projects: the second one consisted of shelving some of them[projects] completely, reducing overall costs by 50%; while the third was to shelve the whole thing except for a small part of the supply chain†¦ Fain decided to go for the third option† (McFarlan, 2003) Over the next few weeks, hundreds of employees were laid off and Murphy saw his annual budget cut in half. He knew that the only way to stay afloat was to start thinking smaller. He called the next methodology RCCL would adapt, â€Å"micro-strategy† which he defined as â€Å"the stepping stone strategies needed to be nimble and adaptable within the context of preserving long-term goals† (Hughes, 2002). So for the next year and a half, Murphy spent any monies his department had on shoring the core infrastructure of RCCL, most notably: Network services, Email services and other utilities that people always expect to work when needed. Utilizing these core small strategies, Murphy was able to keep RCCL IT department afloat through 2004, his final year at the company. IT Makeup and Infrastructure Vision Statement Corporate Strategy: The Solution RCCL has three main goals that incorporate its main strategy as it prepares to enter the digital age of the 21st century. The first and foremost being to enhance the guest experience which of course fits in perfectly with the company’s vision statement. An example of this focus is the â€Å"Silverwhere† program, which is not just a clever name but is a software program that links together people of common interests at dinner in hopes of making their dinner and ultimately, vacation, more enjoyable. The ships have also incorporated Internet Cafes that are being put to good use by the customers who want to stay connected while at sea. One final way to enhance the guest experience while on a cruise is the automated disembarkation process or also known as the debark card. The card saves the customer the headache of trying to leave the ship and having to having to fill the necessary paperwork on the same day. According to the case, â€Å"the debark card captured the information required by the INS and was printed the night before debarkation and delivered to each guests’ room (McFarlan, 2003). The second corporate strategy is to of course, reduce costs. One of the most critical functions for a successful cruise company is to have a successful supply chain management structure in place. â€Å"A cruise ship as a floating city posed exceptionally complex supply-chain issues as a result of several factors: most notably, Variety, Logistics and Connectivity† (McFarlan, 2003). Variety is a critical factor because the ship has two key yet differing functions, which are hotel supply and technical supply. Logistics from simply having the aforementioned â€Å"floating city† aspect which made errors almost impossible to correct once the ships left port. Connectivity was also an issue back in the early 2000’s as the satellite positions could dictate whether guests and crew were able to access the Internet. Most cruises have multiple excursions planned throughout its duration. The online excursion booking allows the customer to book the excursions online at their convenience. This not only helps save the customer time but it also allows them to spend more time in the ship. This usually helps bring in more revenue as well. Speaking of revenue, that is the third and final main goal of the RCCL executive staff. As previously mentioned, RCCL provided Internet Cafes that charged $. 50 per minute for guests and $. 10 per minute for crew. Lastly, RCCL decided to make the change from diesel engines to gas engines. Although the fuel costs were higher now, they were more than offset by the extra combine space created. Plus, customers found the cruises to be more enjoyable with the reduced engine noise. These advancements would not have been possible without first bringing the right personnel to have vision and knowledge to implement such technical programs as the online shore excursions and updates to the website. These personnel have to have the intuitiveness to not only be creative with new ideas but also make sure said ideas are in line with the corporate goals of RCCL. Though the technology had not yet been developed, the ultimate goal was to have â€Å"each ship is a fully redundant system, where an authorized user could access data anytime, anywhere† (McFarlan, 2003). Moving forward to present day, once the available technology was literally feasible, Murphy’s dream would come true even if he was not there to see it come to fruition. RCCL’s ships would be streamlined and be more efficient. They would be self-troubleshooting and centralized. Fleets would have full communication with the shore-side infrastructure and give the ability to drive down costs while remaining efficient. The graph below shows the increases in total fleet. Then, there is a graph showing the capital expenditures for RCCL going back to before Thomas Murphy was hired as CIO in 1999.

Starbucks Business Strategy Example

Starbucks Business Strategy Example Starbucks Business Strategy – Coursework Example Starbuck Industry affiliation Starbuck Industry Starbucks coffee industry has employed various business strategies, which have enabled it to stay on top of its growing and volatile industry. The industry employed strong differentiation strategy in an attempt to service a wide number of customers with different tastes and preferences. The strategy has been successful, as differentiation has lowered the threat of customers. To this end, the business has been able to drive consumer’s preferences and play a significant role moving a product upscale. On the other hand, the pricing strategy executed by the company has rationally transferred its prime product from being perceived as an exclusive luxury goods. In this perspective, the transition has made it possible to be purchased by all customers irrespective of their social status (Selby, 2012, p. 126). The company’s brand exudes an understanding of people’s lifestyle, values, and need. The company’s focus to t he experiential factors has been pivotal to its success. The pricing strategy employed only suit high-income countries. This therefore makes it a luxury product in less developing countries such as India and China. This is evidence as customers can obtain a cup of coffee for a portion of what the company charge in those countries. This strategy needs modification to incorporate relatively low-income countries. The company has a generic competitive strategy that enables it to earn a competitive advantage over its rivals. To help it achieve this position the company focuses on lower-cost and differentiation strategies. Starbuck targets two markets and employs different competitive techniques. To a board cross section of buyers, the company utilizes overall cost provider and broad differentiation strategies (Scott, & Rouleau, 2011, p. 55). On a market niche, the company focused, low-cost and focused differentiation strategies are implemented. Starbuck is one among very few companies th at have created awareness for specialty coffee category, while maintain the supremacy of the product. Despite efforts seem more connected to the community, Starbuck continue to struggle with backlash. Its presence and acquisition has destroyed local coffee houses (Selby, 2012, p. 157). ReferencesScott,  K., & Rouleau,  A. (2011). Starbuck. United States: Films Christal. Selby,  J. (2012). Starbuck. Farrar & Rinehart, Inc.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 26

Management - Essay Example Bothma (2010) opined that customers are requiring in-depth information on different service segments, price tags and availability of the booking policies. Customers will be able to select proper service as per their need and requirements which will increase rate of satisfaction of the customers. E-commerce is most emerging technology trend which helps hospitality firms in sharing information; create provisions for online segment and collecting feedback. Hotels are able to check the rate of occupancy of their room and other service segments. In the current study, two peer reviewed journals Beldona, Morrison and O’Leary (2008) and Jeong, Oh and Gregoire (2011) and second and third chapters in the book Fuchs, Ricci and Cantoni (2012) are used to outline impacts of the social media and electronic commerce portals. These sources will be helping the researcher in obtaining the insight on the impacts of E-commerce on the customer satisfaction and loyalty of the UK based hospitality segment. Fuchs, Ricci and Cantoni (2012) in their study have used various research strategies. The key information and statistics are collected to emphasise that E-commerce policies are helping the UK hotel industry client satisfaction and devotion. Moreover, the research aimed to outline impacts of the E-commerce policies on the consumer behaviours (Fuchs, Ricci and Cantoni, 2012). In the research, different philosophy, approaches, design, data collection sources and data techniques are used to obtain most relevant facts on impacts of the E-commerce strategy in increasing the rate satisfaction of the hospitality customers like tourists and business travellers. UK based hospitality is selected by Fuchs, Ricci and Cantoni (2012) to cite the statistics regarding the change in the customer arrivals due to the E-commerce policy. While conducting the research Fuchs, Ricci and Cantoni (2012) observed that there are three types

Sponsorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sponsorship - Essay Example The sponsor keenly looks at the opportunity to develop their organization commercially through brand awareness that is done through advertising. Sponsorship can take different approaches; they include, firstly there is the branding the kits used by the players with the sponsor’s brand. Secondly, there are banners that are found on the ground as well as in the arenas which bears more information about the sponsor. Thirdly, through the media affiliated to the sport such as the website, the company is able to advertise their products. Fourthly, the players/sportspeople/coaches can be used to endorse the product of the sponsor. For the team, they can be provide with free kits, transport, facilities as well as provision of funds and other services (BBC, 2014). Sponsorship comes with a variety of pros and cons. Sponsorship is healthy for both the sponsor and the individual/club being sponsored; some players would not be able to raise the costs of participating in their respective sporting activities if they lacked support. On the other hand, the sponsor uses the sponsorship agreement as an opportunity to benefit themselves commercially especially through advertisements. Public awareness of a given product is easily achieved through the advertisements in sports stadiums, players’ uniforms, club’s website among others (BBC, 2014). Sponsorship is founded on the grounds that, in exchange of the resources or services given to the club or individual the sponsor will have either of the following benefits. Firstly, the image of the sponsor should be improved courtesy of the sponsorship. The company gets a good image since it is perceived to exhibit the corporate social responsibility. Secondly, the company gains a competitive advantage over is competitors due to its public reputation. Thirdly, the consumer attitude can be changed through the perception

Majority of UK clothing companies struggling for survival

Majority of UK clothing companies struggling for survival The major share of the UK Clothing market is Womens, girls and childrens making up 68% of the total market. The increase in working women might have been expected to cause an upsurge in demand for smart clothing, but a major feature of the market has been a trend towards short dressing. Which targets the 18 to 25 year old market, has accepted the trend and recently recorded a pre-tax profit margin almost four times that of the industry average. Consumers are now tending towards the budget end of the market, which is targeted by companies such as Primark, Peacocks, Next, and Matalan, or the designer, premium-priced extreme (Fashion infomat, 25 May 2005). Selection of Organisation: This assignment completely deals with the changes in an organisation due to technology and what innovation has been made by the organisation to improve its profitability. Here information technology has taken as important tool of technology. This attempt aims to discuss the influence of IT systems that changes the organisation profitability and the whole structure. In the U.K fashion industry, it is the necessity to identify the market trends and respond immediately to the trends (Fashion infomat, 25 May 2005). Discount chains Next, Peacocks and Primark stores which are going to expand rapidly in this fashion trend accordingly. In the retail fashion industry like M S, Next, Top shop, Matalan etc. through a long period when they have been able to rely solely on declining prices to drive sales upwards. However, with the falling pound value and rising overseas sourcing costs, competing on price is going to become increasingly difficult for them (Fashion Retail Service, 21-May-2009). Why Primark? Look Good Pay Less The current credit crunch hit not only the UK Economy but the whole world Economy. If we look on the current UK clothing retail industry, we shall find out majority of companies are struggling for their survival. There is a few success stories in the current period of time regarding businesses, Primark is one of the company. Associated British Foods the owner of Primark have revealed that sales at Primark rose 18% in the 16 weeks to January 3, 2009 which helped by an increase in selling space and very good like-for-like sales growth. Primarks performance compares favourably with rival Marks Spencer, which reported an 8.9% fall in general sales for its third quarter. The business of Primark, which has 141 stores in UK whereas 200 in whole Europe, saw a  £122 million rise in profits while like-for-like sales increased by 5%. The Primark retailer store is looking to open another seven stores during their second half of this year (Metro Thursday, January 15, 2010). Associated British Foods, the owner of Primark, has beaten expectations with half-year profits of  £275 million, which was helped by a leap in earnings of 10% at the discount clothing retailer. The results represent a 2% dip in profits for Associated British Foods. However, they were higher than the  £262 million consensus estimate (Primark website, 10 August 2010). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Innovation is essential for the life of an organization. The organisations who want to survive in this competitive era need to make innovation in response to the external environment as well as its internal environment. According to Kotter no business can survive over the long term if it cannot reinvent itself (Kotter, 2004). It is an era of technology and information. The rapid development in technology has changed the attitude of the people and the nature of business as well. In this technological era the process of change is very fast and rapid responsive. Technology boosts the process and made different type of innovation. Primark is the one of the organization who understands the importance of technology and innovation process. Primark is the discount cloth retailer working from 41 years. Primark is the fast and affordable fashion idea. The changes has taken by Primark has significant impacts on company performance and profitability. Primark improves his ordering and logistic system which helps to cut down the over head cost. Primark introduce new operational strategy, the company reduces the timing of waiting customer in queues. These changes help to create the value services to customers. Product innovation and improvement, new design, and better customer services are the key points of customer retain and attract new customers are main focus of company. To find out all the valuable information I go throw with primary research. I arrange interviews with Primark management arrange group decisions on Facebook.com and visit the Primark store as well. Academic literature is provided; company analysis, SWOT, recommendation, and conclusion are the key point of this assignment. ACADEMIC LITERATURE Why Innovation? Innovation brings changes in the organisation structure and makes a rise in profitability. Primark is an organisation which dealing with customers in clothing industry and have big set up to manage it. Product life cycle shows the Primark through its stages. http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ Product life cycle shows the four stages of the organisation, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. The organisation was at growth stage when the innovation is being done. Innovation brings changes in the whole set up of the organisation. Innovation: Innovation is a breakthrough approach or idea that can be completely new or an enhancement to something that already exist, it is referencing perspective that will challenge many who just can not see beyond what their own experience is telling them to think or do. Ettlie j., (2006) According to Tidd, J, (2009) innovation is something new that adds value; creativity is something new. Innovation is a change in the thought process for doing something, or the useful application of new inventions or discoveries. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation According to Michael Neito Lewin has three stages model of change theory, first stage is unfreezing that is the organization away from its current position. Once employee recognize and accept it the second stage where changing can begin. The third stage where change is established in organization, its mean refreezing takes place. Employees tasks and structure and socio technical theory a more frequent (Michael. Neito, 2006). The need for Innovation/Change in the UK clothing industry is a given fact that goes hand in hand with the need for improvement and innovation  [1]  (Barrie. L, 2001). Benefits of Innovation There are many benefits of innovation to the organization. The innovation must increase value of the organisaton and customer value. The goal of innovation is positive change, to make someone or something better. Innovation leads to rise in production which means increase in profit. Following are the main benefits of innovation. Creates new industries Maximize productivity and economic growth Fuels wealth creation and profits Generates high-value, higher-paying jobs Raises standard of living 3. Types of innovation Types of Innovation can be classified as under Product and services: the innovation that applied to products and services or market related activities are called products and services innovation. Operational: Innovation that improves the effectiveness and efficiency of core processes and functions of the organisation is called operational innovation. Business model: Innovation that basically transforms the business upwards and provides a better way to work or derives revenue up is called business model innovation. Partnership innovation: Partner innovation mean two businesses or firms get together to make innovation. There may be Government and private partnership innovation for favour of public. Link, (2006) Portfolio innovation: The key to choosing products that contributes to profitability lies in changing the business focus of portfolio management from financial matter to customer value. Mello, et al (2006) Primark has selected operational innovation to up grade the whole infrastructure of the organisation for the favour of organisation and for the favour of its valuable customer. The organisation selects the operational innovation to avoid customers standing long time in queue and for better customer services. Role of Manager in Innovation Managers are either incapable of or somehow exempt from, innovation. Role of manager in the process of innovation is very important. Manager should consider all the aspects regarding innovation in the organisation. According to Roger Bean and Russell Radford there are several points that related to nurturing and fostering innovation that are worthy of more attention to manager. Following are the points that a manager must capable. Personal understanding of the process of innovation Continuous learning and study Curiosity Openness Leadership Focus on strategic issues rather than operational tasks (Roger Bean and Russell Radford, 2002) System development and organizational change: Jon Turner Kenneth Laudon claiming that information system is an opportunistic component. Largely IT systems provided faster and accuracy results in the process of communication. It took the firms to gain competitive advantage in the firms value chain and opportunities  (Jon. Turner Kenneth. Laudon, 1988). Information technology can promote various important organizational change, ranging from incremental to far, reaching like structural organization change that are enabled by information technology: 1) Automation 2) Rationalization 3) Reengineering 4) Paradigm shifts (Kenneth. Laudon and Jane. Laudon, 2009). Innovative Organisation: The organisatiion need to take certain steps to become innovative organisation. Some important steps that should take the organisation are following. (Ettlie, J. 2006) Create strategic vision Create organisation structures that promote collaboration Establish processes to convert ideas into innovations Allocate resources Train workforce on creativity tools Measure and communicate results Recognise creative behaviour Reward innovation results Operations Management: Every time businesses are looking for new and improve methods to improve the efficiency of their operations to achieve higher profitability. Information systems and technologies are some of the most important methods available to managers for achieving high levels of efficiency and productivity (Jane. Laudon and Kenneth. Laudon, 2008). The concept of off shore business and outsourcing has taken a huge advantage for firms to play globally irrespective of its place consideration (Kshetri. Nir, 2007). Operation Productivity: Many retailers have improved their operations productivity through computerisation checkouts, the electronic point of sale system and scanning formats. They use this system to process transactions and monitor inventory efficiently. Computerised registers instantly record and display sales provide detailed receipts and store inventory data. This system lowers costs by reducing transaction time, employee training and the need for item pricing (Barry. Berman and Joel. Evans, 2006). Firms increased its productivity and flexibility with use of IT. But increased cost in installations and maintenance resulted (Olson. Margrethe, 1993). Supply Chain Management: The supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, to fulfil the requirement of customer. These supply chain includes not only the manufacturers and suppliers but also the transporters, warehouses, retailers and even customers themselves, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and full filling the customer request (Sunil. Chopra and Peter. Meindl, 2007). It is clear that it is very important for some level of co-ordination for some level of activities and processes within and between the organisations in the supply chain that extends beyond logistics and this is called Supply chain management (Cooper. C., Lambert. D, and Pagh. D, 1997). The management of upstream and downstream relationship with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as the whole (Douglas. Lambert, 2008). Total Quality Management: Total quality management mean continuous improvement in the business, it is a philosophy for running a business, manage the business right way, total people empowerment, mainly a focus on the customer, a commitment to quality and investment in knowledge (Cali, J.F, 1992). Total Quality Management is considered to be more incremental than business process re-engineering. TQM typically focuses on continuous improve and change rather than stay just in one change (Kenneth. L and Jane. L, 2006). How information systems support quality improvements? By Mithas, Krishnan, Fornell, the Service industries are performed better with customers than manufacturing industries. Information affects the products quality and its value. With that the research outlined market value of firms are increased for the firms using IT in its core business operations  (Fornell. S, and Mithas. S, 2005). The study found that the new theory evolved in fashion industry due to IT in place. It changed the force of influence and fashion dimension in respect to the type of business (Lee. Jintae and Collar. Emilio, 2002). New Products: The products are serviced is the principle component of marketing as it provides revenue without which commercial activity could not take place. The following are the products used in marketing: Innovative products are completely new to the market. Replacement products might include renowned items with a new design and functions. Imitative products are common and are termed as Me Too products. Re-Launched products occurs when an original product had been declined but the company expects sufficient potential sale if product is altered through manipulating the marketing mix (Geoff. Lancaster and Paul. Reynolds, 2004). New Product success: most established companies focus on incremental innovation can allow companies to enter new markets by adapting existing market offerings for new customers. Seven notion of innovation: See the future through the eyes of yours customer Intellectual property and brand power are key assets. Use digital technology to create tools for customers. Build a championship team, not a group of championship. Innovation is a state of mind Speed is critical so push your organisation Partner up if you are not the best in something (Philip. Kotler, 2009) Technological change and new product development: There are important aspects regarding the impact of the pace of technological change and new product development. The first one in many industries life cycle is shorting. This then creates vicious circle in as much as the marketer must increasingly be looking for new products to replace the outdated ones. Second consequence of the increased pace of technological change is that there is now a premium on being able to develop and launch new products quickly (Geoff. Lancaster., Lester. Massingham Ruth. Ashfor, 2002). Lot of new concepts of business like e-commerce introduced and benefited to firms. It varied firms performance and keeping more available options to function and to develop its operations (Koellinger. P, 2008). ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS By primary research In terms of find out thats what changes has been made in Primark organization, I go through with primary research .I go through with managerial interviews from the Primark FALG SHIP store at oxford street London. I arrange group discussions on www.facebook.com to get the customer view that, are the customer are getting the results in the result of the company efforts. I met the store manager INA RANKIN and Dept. store manager MIA RAJ to find out recent innovation made by the company that influenced by technology. I done long time interview to collect valuable information and then elaborate in this assignment. (See appendices 1 for detail inerview) In the result of the interview we found some of the very significant changes that made by Primark and we point out below. New ordering and distribution system: Quality improvement. New Product Line. Cut the cost of packing. Improvement of store operations. Return and exchange policy. Digital administration system  [2]  . Reduction in customers queue  [3]   Treat in Primark ethical trading managed with IT  [4]  . Now I will have a look on each change in a little bit detail Quality improvement: Company constantly improving his quality of product and fitting to give the customer real satisfaction and value for money and the company always introduce new and improve technology in the manufacturing process. New Product Line: Primark introducing hundreds of new product lines every week to deliver up to date fashion regarding the customer needs and demand, when a new fashion introduce in the market its only take six weeks to come in company stores and it because of the advance and improve technological innovation. Primark introduced new product range as well like Denim Co, Butler and Webb range, Rebel, Early days and Backswing. Cut the cost of packing: Primark believes to deliver good quality products on affordable price, so company always try to find out new ways to minimize the price. In these days company made a strategy that to cut the cost of packing. Improvement of store operations: All the stores of Primark having a huge amount of customers every time and the pressure on the tilling was too much excessive, to reduce the customer check out time in long queues Primark installing more tills in every store, it helps the Primark to improve customer services and profitability as well. Return and Exchange Policy: Primark recently change its return and exchange policy. Prior if you want to return or exchange a product you could do only in same country with in 14 days but now you can return or exchange within 28 days and whichever country you want where company stores exist. Digital administration system: The Digital Administrative Management system (DAD) with Business Collaborators management solution providers has introduced to control of large information at one time and eliminated paper plans decreased admin costs by 50 percent as well as reduced confusion with overloading emails. Specifically it is supported to new store development functions. Good communication flow has been taking place with the system to control the information in an efficient way. Reduction in customers queue: An electronic call forward system is adopted to improve customer transaction times and minimise queuing at Primark. Treat in Primark ethical trading managed with IT In the past years, Primark is largely criticised in its gap in ethical trading systems with suppliers who are employing illegal migrant workers. Now new software having a tool Entropy will look the global suppliers to check the mandatory code of conduct of suppliers. Entropy is a web based supply chain audit systems, the remedial actions and quality of working environments can be checked. This is entirely a global system has its visibility and tools of greater control. Business Methodology of Primark Primark is the one of the largest company in UK related to ready mad garments, following are the business points of business methodology. Push urgency up: push up all the resources and skills for enhancement of quality in the field of garments industry using the high skilled and motivated team. Adaptation of new technology for control management process and ETI are significant practical way of getting in, with new information technology as Laudon and laudon 2008. New ordering system is a good example of JIT and Supply chain management. Primark all the time follow high moral and ethic values to serve customers and all member of organization. Its possible when customers happy and beneficial parallel with company in the industry. Interdicting new product lines, improvement of products quality, improving of operations management all are very relevant to TQM and Retail management theories. Primark has philosophy to provide facility of margin, benefits regarding price vice, quality vice, designing services and as well as with employees satisfaction, production, sale, logistic management and innovation for reducing cost and better management. Recommendations Primark should introduce online trading/purchasing. These will help them to increase their revenues, generate more profits and create customer value. It will also help them to become number one Retail firm in the UK. Primark should try to eliminate the perception of low quality from the Customers mind by introducing new products and offering a better quality and keeping the same price range. Primark should expand their business in developing countries. Primark should concentrate on Ethical trading where suppliers are employing unskilled labours to manufacture the clothing and are also offering them low pay scale which in turn is affecting the reputation of the Company. Primark should serve customers of all age groups and not just youngsters. Conclusion In this current credit crunch period where most of the companies are going to close down and some of them are struggling for their survival, Primark is the only organisation who is doing considerably well in this recession time. The only reason is that they are doing well is because they have understood the concept of innovation and change management. Innovation is very important for the organisation but people are scared to adapt and put themselves in innovation process as they dont know whether innovation will be good or bad for them or for their organisation. Primark has adapted to change and innovation has introduced various systems to operate their work efficiently and effectively. They are also opening new stores which are more spacious than before. The reason for their success is innovation. Innovation in Technology management and organisation plays a very important role in todays world of science.   References Albert N. (2006), Public Private Partnership Innovation Strategies and Policy Alternatives. USA: Spring Science + Business Media. Berman, B. and Evans, J. (2006) Retail Management a strategic approach. 10th ed., US, Pearson Prentice Hall. Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2007) Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed., USA: Pearson Education. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, M.D., Pagh, J.D., The International journal of logistics and Management, 1997, Volume-8, Page-1-14) Ettlie, J., (2006) Managing Innovation, 2nd , Butter worth-Heinemann Elsevier Fornell,C.,Krishnan,M.S.,and Mithas,S., Effect on Information Technology investments on Customer Satisfaction:Theory and Evidence,Ross school of Business Working Paper Series,Working Paper No.971,June 2005,pp 25-28 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation http://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2237685/primark-turns-manage-ethical [Accessed 12 August 2010] http://www.groupbc.com/clients/cases/Primark_Factsheet.pdf [Accessed 13 August 2010] http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ [Accessed 20 August 2010] Huber, G.P. Glick, W.H. (1995) Organisational change and redesign. 1st ed., US: Oxford University Press. Koellinger, P., (May, 2008) The Relationship between Technology, Innovation, and Firm Performance, Empirical Evidence on E-Business in Europe, ERIM Report Series Reference No.2008-031 Kotler, P. (2009) Marketing Management. London: Prentice Hall. Kotter, J. P. and Cohen, D. S. (2002) The heart of change. USA: Harvard Business Press. Kshetri, Nir,Institutional Factors Affecting Offshore Business Process and Information Technology Outsourcing, Journal of International Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2007. Lambert, D. M. (2008), Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed., Pearson Education. Lancaster G. and Reynolds P., (2004) Marketing. Wales UK, Palgrave Macmillan. Lancaster G., Massingham L. and Ashford R., (2002) Essentials of Marketing. 4th ed., London, McGraw-Hill. Laudon, J. and Laudon, K., (2008) Essentials of Management Information systems. 8th ed., Pearson Education. Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P. (2009) Management Information Systems. 11th ed., USA: Pearson Education. Lee, Jintae and Collar,Emilio, Information Technology Fashions(June 2002), MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4251-02,CCS No. 219 Mello et al (2006), Value Innovation Portfolio Management. Lauderdale, J. Ross Publishing. Nieto, M. (2006) An introduction to Human Resource Management. England: Palgrave Macmillan. Roger B. and Russel R. [2002], Innovative Leader. Managing Innovation by Managers, 11(5) Turner,J.,Laudon,Kenneth, Inforamtion technology and management strategy, NYU Working Paper No.IS-88-26,Feb 1988 www.bnet.com [Accessed on 12 August, 2010] www.Fashion.infomat [Accessed 15 August 2010]

The Coming of Age of Jeremy Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird :: Kill Mockingbird essays

The Coming of Age of Jeremy Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird The coming of age of Jem, Jeremy Finch, is shown in many ways throughout the book To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. He changes socially. He changes mentally. His feelings change emotionally. He also changes to become more of an adult figure. Another way he changes is that he changes physically. Jem changes through out the book socially by the way he starts having better feelings toward other people. There are many times when Jem start feeling bad for other people in the story, like when him and scout get in a fight but even though their mad at each other he still is grow up enough to know that he should say "Night, Scout." There are also many other incidents, like when he goes out and teaches Dill how to swim. Jem also goes through some bad social change when he turns "twelve. He is difficult to live with, inconsistent, and moody."(115). These are only a few of the things that Jem does to show that he is growing up in his social ways. Mental change is another type of change that Jem goes through. Jem start to think like an adult as he gets older in the book. He shows it at the trial of Tim Robinson when the jury is in the jury room and he starts to talk to Reverend Sykes. He starts saying thing about the trial and Reverend Sykes ask him not to talk like that in front of Scout. Which shows that he knows what he is talking about.(see page 208-209). There is also the time when he had to go and read to Mrs. Dubose which he later finds out about her drug addiction which he fully understands. So those are ways he changes mentally. Jem changes physically in many ways in the story. His hair stuck up behind and down in front, and I wondered if it would it would ever look like a man's-maybe if he shaved it off and started over, his hair would grow back neatly in place. His eyebrows were becoming heavier, and I noticed a new slimness about his body.

Opening sequence of “Star Wars-episode iv, A New Hope” Essay

â€Å"Star Wars† was arguably the first in a new breed of high concept, high budget sci-fi action films. It was directed by George Lucas and originally released in only a few cinemas in 1977. However, the buzz around the film grew, and it is now one of the highest grossing films of all time, and along with its sequels, prequels and re-mastered re-releases, has a large cult following. I feel this is because of Lucas` ability to engage the audience through careful use of sound and camera technique; The use of the scrolling story in space sets up many audience expectations, that the action will be set in space, and that it will base around a struggle between the rebels and the Empire. Narration is a fairly formal method of exposition, linked to the old style fairytale format, preparing the audience for a classic narrative and easily recognizable characters, and expectation that is fulfilled throughout the film (Leia is the princess needing rescue, Vader the â€Å"baddie† and Han Solo is the knight and shining armour for example). However, the traditional fairytale narrative also dictates that there should be a happy ending with all the loose ends tied up. This is not the case, for whilst the film ends on an up beat note, the ultimate threat of the Empire has not been neutralized, and has to be dealt with in a separate film. The opening section begins with what appears to us to be a large space ship, flying in from the bottom of the screen at great speed, instantly creating the enigma of who it is moving away from and why they are being fired upon. The next thing we experience is a truly huge battle cruiser gently fly in from the same direction, dwarfing the one seen before. This sets the audience up to expect grand scale- big ships and big battles. The ship rebel ship is relatively battered and older looking. This shows the rebels as the underdog, endearing them to the audience, and insinuates that this has been a long drawn out battle, preparing the audience for the fatigued chaos we see inside the ship. This contrasts sharply with the slick, cold battle cruiser, with a blue tint used to show the coldness of the empire. Because of the obvious superiority of the empires ship, we feel that it is a mismatch of power and begin to resent the empire for  persecuting the rebels. The non-diagetic sound of firing used throughout is cold and artificial, making it sound like they are using some unknown technology. This sound is heard almost constantly though the section and so only becomes conspicuous through its absence, and reinforces the relentlessness of the battle. The parallel editing from a shot of the ship sustaining damage to the people inside reacting to it help to link the outside battle with the following scenes in the rebel ship. Throughout this section, almost all shots of the rebels involve movement, conveying panic and inciting it in the audience as we realize that this is building up to something big. The walls of the rebel ship are bright white, and are fairly spacious. This contrast with the dark black interior of the empire ship we see later as the droids try to escape. The whiteness has almost heavenly connotations, making the audience feel like they are in a â€Å"good† place, and relatively secure. The black walls of the empire ship give a claustrophobic feel, and make the audience uncomfortable and want to escape. The constant non-diagetic background music is a march, based around horns, a traditionally powerful instrument, typically used to provide music for war films. It also mimics the raised, panicked heartbeat of the rebels. It subconsciously raises our own heartbeat, making the audience feel like they are part of the rebel â€Å"team† The CU’s on the rebel’s faces allow the audience to recognize the rebel’s terror, increasing their own anticipation. By seeing their faces, it humanizes the rebels and prepares the audience to be on their side, instead of the cold, expressionless masks of the empire. During these rebel shots, there are MCU’s on the two robots, a technique used throughout the sequence and indeed the film to distinguish the central characters. We also realize they are important because their bright metallic colouring makes them stand out from the background of uniformed rebels. Their voices are quite comical; C3P0’s English accent is so camp and inappropriate to the action packed setting that the audience find themselves laughing. R2D2’s language is not easily decipherable, and so many laughs are gained by inferring what he has said by C3P0’s response. This section introduces the audience to the idea that these characters will provide the comic relief for the film, and indeed, their presence in this section allows the audience to relieve a little of their tension by laughing, this is important because of the family based nature of the film, parents do not want their young children to be too scared. The camera moves to a tight shot of the door, framing it within the screen, showing that all attention is now diverted to it. The sparks from the cutters are exaggerated , to emphasise their importance, and run around the screen, creating the impression that the intruders are breaking into the audience’s real world, further allying them with the rebels. The Storm troopers break through, and an eye line shot from their perspective is used to show the rebels firing back; connoting a â€Å"new perspective† has arrived. The cutters continue, and when the camera cuts back, they have created a smoke screen , and enigma is created as to what will appear next. At this point, all sound cuts to silence, leaving the audience with the sound of their own raised heartbeat and breathing and intensifying the anticipation. When Vader steps through, only his exaggerated breathing is heard, focusing all our attention on him, making the audience question why he needs a respirator. Vader is instantly identifiable as â€Å"evil†, the shot place him at the center of the screen, and he is dressed head to toe in black, as opposed to rebel white ship, a symbol of the goodness of their principles and their â€Å"purity†, they have no need for masks or machines. The non-diagetic music then begins its â€Å"Empire† motif, an easily recognizable section used whenever Vader is around or to imply his involvement. This contrasts with the rebel motif that was heard at the very beginning of the section, and is one of the most easily identifiable pieces of film music in history. The use of these motifs enhances the binary opposition of good and evil by giving them completely different music. It also helps build an international cult following, because the iconic music is assessable to all. This makes the audience feel smug at being part of a community that recognizes these motifs. Cut to POV shot, C3PO watching R2D2 receive the message from Leia. Leia is instantly recognizable as a princess- she is shot in soft focus and gentle non-diagetic music plays, to mirror the implied gentleness of her personality. The long shot used means we cannot see her face, so it establishes an enigma as to who she is, whom she is sending the message to and what the message is. During this sequence, the gentle non-diagetic music and the lack of firing sounds allow the audience to feel relaxed for a short moment. This is a classic act of retardation as they are immediately confronted with Vader, in a MCU two shot with his commander. The way that Vader dominates the frame shows his superiority over the commander. Vader’s voice is very deep and rasping, and sounds processed. This makes him appear â€Å"other worldly†, and the deepness of his voice is traditionally linked to big characters, such as monsters or giants. This makes the audience feel very small and insignificant The CU of the soldiers legs is shot from a low angle, further emphasizing Vader’s stature and Making the audience aware of his dangerous strength and his Jedi powers, which sets up an audience expectation about use of â€Å"the force† The CU on Leia’s face is a contrast to the strength and brutality of the last, as it is once again in soft focus. The conversation between her and Vader is a montage of eye line shots and FS’s, with them at either side of the screen. The eye line shots are very confrontational, designed to make the audience feel as if they are right in the middle of their argument. The full shot conveys to the audience that their views oppose each other, and  reinforces the binary opposites- black vs. white, empire vs. rebels, young vs. old ect. By showing us the droids entering the escape pod, it creates an unrestricted narrative; the audience knows what is inside. Because of this knowledge, we feel superior to the empire troops, who let it pass, further reinforcing our allegiance to the rebels.

Setting Up Laws for Cyberbullying Essay - 793 Words

â€Å"I don’t know why everybody hates me so much. But maybe I do because now I hate me too. Right now, I don’t see the reason for trying, or for talking, or for breathing. I’m just done† (â€Å"Cyberbully†). Scary words, right? These few sentences from the movie Cyberbully could be someone’s last few words. Cyberbullying is the inappropriate use of electronic communication to bully a person through text messages, rumors, pictures, fake profiles etc. on social networking sites. Cyberbullying should have specific laws against it. If all abuse is illegal and against the laws, then why is cyberbullying not? Cyberbullying is equivalent to the effects of traditional bullying because it causes pain, whether emotional or physical. This nation can decide†¦show more content†¦Subsequently, cyberbullying causes emotional and psychological distress that drastically effects the cyberbullied victims. Sometimes â€Å"the stress of dealing with [c yber]bullying can cause [them] to feel like the situation is more then [what] they can handle† (Gordon 1). It becomes overwhelming for the individual and causes fear amongst themselves. It feels like cyberbullying is everywhere to them because it invades their home through computers or cell phones and makes them feel usafe. No one would want their child to not feel safe in their own residence. Cyberbullying makes the victim feel alone and isolated. When cyberbullying occurs, â€Å"most people recommend turning off the [device]. But, for teens this often means cutting off communication with their world. Their computers [or phones] are one of the most important ways to communicat with others. If that option is removed they can feel secluded and cut off [from] the world† (Gordon 2). Cyberbullying potentially takes away one’s dignity away because of the humiliating things said or written, and once it is on the internet it will always be there. 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