Majority of UK clothing companies struggling for survival

Majority of UK clothing companies struggling for survival The major share of the UK Clothing market is Womens, girls and childrens making up 68% of the total market. The increase in working women might have been expected to cause an upsurge in demand for smart clothing, but a major feature of the market has been a trend towards short dressing. Which targets the 18 to 25 year old market, has accepted the trend and recently recorded a pre-tax profit margin almost four times that of the industry average. Consumers are now tending towards the budget end of the market, which is targeted by companies such as Primark, Peacocks, Next, and Matalan, or the designer, premium-priced extreme (Fashion infomat, 25 May 2005). Selection of Organisation: This assignment completely deals with the changes in an organisation due to technology and what innovation has been made by the organisation to improve its profitability. Here information technology has taken as important tool of technology. This attempt aims to discuss the influence of IT systems that changes the organisation profitability and the whole structure. In the U.K fashion industry, it is the necessity to identify the market trends and respond immediately to the trends (Fashion infomat, 25 May 2005). Discount chains Next, Peacocks and Primark stores which are going to expand rapidly in this fashion trend accordingly. In the retail fashion industry like M S, Next, Top shop, Matalan etc. through a long period when they have been able to rely solely on declining prices to drive sales upwards. However, with the falling pound value and rising overseas sourcing costs, competing on price is going to become increasingly difficult for them (Fashion Retail Service, 21-May-2009). Why Primark? Look Good Pay Less The current credit crunch hit not only the UK Economy but the whole world Economy. If we look on the current UK clothing retail industry, we shall find out majority of companies are struggling for their survival. There is a few success stories in the current period of time regarding businesses, Primark is one of the company. Associated British Foods the owner of Primark have revealed that sales at Primark rose 18% in the 16 weeks to January 3, 2009 which helped by an increase in selling space and very good like-for-like sales growth. Primarks performance compares favourably with rival Marks Spencer, which reported an 8.9% fall in general sales for its third quarter. The business of Primark, which has 141 stores in UK whereas 200 in whole Europe, saw a  £122 million rise in profits while like-for-like sales increased by 5%. The Primark retailer store is looking to open another seven stores during their second half of this year (Metro Thursday, January 15, 2010). Associated British Foods, the owner of Primark, has beaten expectations with half-year profits of  £275 million, which was helped by a leap in earnings of 10% at the discount clothing retailer. The results represent a 2% dip in profits for Associated British Foods. However, they were higher than the  £262 million consensus estimate (Primark website, 10 August 2010). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Innovation is essential for the life of an organization. The organisations who want to survive in this competitive era need to make innovation in response to the external environment as well as its internal environment. According to Kotter no business can survive over the long term if it cannot reinvent itself (Kotter, 2004). It is an era of technology and information. The rapid development in technology has changed the attitude of the people and the nature of business as well. In this technological era the process of change is very fast and rapid responsive. Technology boosts the process and made different type of innovation. Primark is the one of the organization who understands the importance of technology and innovation process. Primark is the discount cloth retailer working from 41 years. Primark is the fast and affordable fashion idea. The changes has taken by Primark has significant impacts on company performance and profitability. Primark improves his ordering and logistic system which helps to cut down the over head cost. Primark introduce new operational strategy, the company reduces the timing of waiting customer in queues. These changes help to create the value services to customers. Product innovation and improvement, new design, and better customer services are the key points of customer retain and attract new customers are main focus of company. To find out all the valuable information I go throw with primary research. I arrange interviews with Primark management arrange group decisions on Facebook.com and visit the Primark store as well. Academic literature is provided; company analysis, SWOT, recommendation, and conclusion are the key point of this assignment. ACADEMIC LITERATURE Why Innovation? Innovation brings changes in the organisation structure and makes a rise in profitability. Primark is an organisation which dealing with customers in clothing industry and have big set up to manage it. Product life cycle shows the Primark through its stages. http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ Product life cycle shows the four stages of the organisation, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. The organisation was at growth stage when the innovation is being done. Innovation brings changes in the whole set up of the organisation. Innovation: Innovation is a breakthrough approach or idea that can be completely new or an enhancement to something that already exist, it is referencing perspective that will challenge many who just can not see beyond what their own experience is telling them to think or do. Ettlie j., (2006) According to Tidd, J, (2009) innovation is something new that adds value; creativity is something new. Innovation is a change in the thought process for doing something, or the useful application of new inventions or discoveries. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation According to Michael Neito Lewin has three stages model of change theory, first stage is unfreezing that is the organization away from its current position. Once employee recognize and accept it the second stage where changing can begin. The third stage where change is established in organization, its mean refreezing takes place. Employees tasks and structure and socio technical theory a more frequent (Michael. Neito, 2006). The need for Innovation/Change in the UK clothing industry is a given fact that goes hand in hand with the need for improvement and innovation  [1]  (Barrie. L, 2001). Benefits of Innovation There are many benefits of innovation to the organization. The innovation must increase value of the organisaton and customer value. The goal of innovation is positive change, to make someone or something better. Innovation leads to rise in production which means increase in profit. Following are the main benefits of innovation. Creates new industries Maximize productivity and economic growth Fuels wealth creation and profits Generates high-value, higher-paying jobs Raises standard of living 3. Types of innovation Types of Innovation can be classified as under Product and services: the innovation that applied to products and services or market related activities are called products and services innovation. Operational: Innovation that improves the effectiveness and efficiency of core processes and functions of the organisation is called operational innovation. Business model: Innovation that basically transforms the business upwards and provides a better way to work or derives revenue up is called business model innovation. Partnership innovation: Partner innovation mean two businesses or firms get together to make innovation. There may be Government and private partnership innovation for favour of public. Link, (2006) Portfolio innovation: The key to choosing products that contributes to profitability lies in changing the business focus of portfolio management from financial matter to customer value. Mello, et al (2006) Primark has selected operational innovation to up grade the whole infrastructure of the organisation for the favour of organisation and for the favour of its valuable customer. The organisation selects the operational innovation to avoid customers standing long time in queue and for better customer services. Role of Manager in Innovation Managers are either incapable of or somehow exempt from, innovation. Role of manager in the process of innovation is very important. Manager should consider all the aspects regarding innovation in the organisation. According to Roger Bean and Russell Radford there are several points that related to nurturing and fostering innovation that are worthy of more attention to manager. Following are the points that a manager must capable. Personal understanding of the process of innovation Continuous learning and study Curiosity Openness Leadership Focus on strategic issues rather than operational tasks (Roger Bean and Russell Radford, 2002) System development and organizational change: Jon Turner Kenneth Laudon claiming that information system is an opportunistic component. Largely IT systems provided faster and accuracy results in the process of communication. It took the firms to gain competitive advantage in the firms value chain and opportunities  (Jon. Turner Kenneth. Laudon, 1988). Information technology can promote various important organizational change, ranging from incremental to far, reaching like structural organization change that are enabled by information technology: 1) Automation 2) Rationalization 3) Reengineering 4) Paradigm shifts (Kenneth. Laudon and Jane. Laudon, 2009). Innovative Organisation: The organisatiion need to take certain steps to become innovative organisation. Some important steps that should take the organisation are following. (Ettlie, J. 2006) Create strategic vision Create organisation structures that promote collaboration Establish processes to convert ideas into innovations Allocate resources Train workforce on creativity tools Measure and communicate results Recognise creative behaviour Reward innovation results Operations Management: Every time businesses are looking for new and improve methods to improve the efficiency of their operations to achieve higher profitability. Information systems and technologies are some of the most important methods available to managers for achieving high levels of efficiency and productivity (Jane. Laudon and Kenneth. Laudon, 2008). The concept of off shore business and outsourcing has taken a huge advantage for firms to play globally irrespective of its place consideration (Kshetri. Nir, 2007). Operation Productivity: Many retailers have improved their operations productivity through computerisation checkouts, the electronic point of sale system and scanning formats. They use this system to process transactions and monitor inventory efficiently. Computerised registers instantly record and display sales provide detailed receipts and store inventory data. This system lowers costs by reducing transaction time, employee training and the need for item pricing (Barry. Berman and Joel. Evans, 2006). Firms increased its productivity and flexibility with use of IT. But increased cost in installations and maintenance resulted (Olson. Margrethe, 1993). Supply Chain Management: The supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, to fulfil the requirement of customer. These supply chain includes not only the manufacturers and suppliers but also the transporters, warehouses, retailers and even customers themselves, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and full filling the customer request (Sunil. Chopra and Peter. Meindl, 2007). It is clear that it is very important for some level of co-ordination for some level of activities and processes within and between the organisations in the supply chain that extends beyond logistics and this is called Supply chain management (Cooper. C., Lambert. D, and Pagh. D, 1997). The management of upstream and downstream relationship with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as the whole (Douglas. Lambert, 2008). Total Quality Management: Total quality management mean continuous improvement in the business, it is a philosophy for running a business, manage the business right way, total people empowerment, mainly a focus on the customer, a commitment to quality and investment in knowledge (Cali, J.F, 1992). Total Quality Management is considered to be more incremental than business process re-engineering. TQM typically focuses on continuous improve and change rather than stay just in one change (Kenneth. L and Jane. L, 2006). How information systems support quality improvements? By Mithas, Krishnan, Fornell, the Service industries are performed better with customers than manufacturing industries. Information affects the products quality and its value. With that the research outlined market value of firms are increased for the firms using IT in its core business operations  (Fornell. S, and Mithas. S, 2005). The study found that the new theory evolved in fashion industry due to IT in place. It changed the force of influence and fashion dimension in respect to the type of business (Lee. Jintae and Collar. Emilio, 2002). New Products: The products are serviced is the principle component of marketing as it provides revenue without which commercial activity could not take place. The following are the products used in marketing: Innovative products are completely new to the market. Replacement products might include renowned items with a new design and functions. Imitative products are common and are termed as Me Too products. Re-Launched products occurs when an original product had been declined but the company expects sufficient potential sale if product is altered through manipulating the marketing mix (Geoff. Lancaster and Paul. Reynolds, 2004). New Product success: most established companies focus on incremental innovation can allow companies to enter new markets by adapting existing market offerings for new customers. Seven notion of innovation: See the future through the eyes of yours customer Intellectual property and brand power are key assets. Use digital technology to create tools for customers. Build a championship team, not a group of championship. Innovation is a state of mind Speed is critical so push your organisation Partner up if you are not the best in something (Philip. Kotler, 2009) Technological change and new product development: There are important aspects regarding the impact of the pace of technological change and new product development. The first one in many industries life cycle is shorting. This then creates vicious circle in as much as the marketer must increasingly be looking for new products to replace the outdated ones. Second consequence of the increased pace of technological change is that there is now a premium on being able to develop and launch new products quickly (Geoff. Lancaster., Lester. Massingham Ruth. Ashfor, 2002). Lot of new concepts of business like e-commerce introduced and benefited to firms. It varied firms performance and keeping more available options to function and to develop its operations (Koellinger. P, 2008). ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS By primary research In terms of find out thats what changes has been made in Primark organization, I go through with primary research .I go through with managerial interviews from the Primark FALG SHIP store at oxford street London. I arrange group discussions on www.facebook.com to get the customer view that, are the customer are getting the results in the result of the company efforts. I met the store manager INA RANKIN and Dept. store manager MIA RAJ to find out recent innovation made by the company that influenced by technology. I done long time interview to collect valuable information and then elaborate in this assignment. (See appendices 1 for detail inerview) In the result of the interview we found some of the very significant changes that made by Primark and we point out below. New ordering and distribution system: Quality improvement. New Product Line. Cut the cost of packing. Improvement of store operations. Return and exchange policy. Digital administration system  [2]  . Reduction in customers queue  [3]   Treat in Primark ethical trading managed with IT  [4]  . Now I will have a look on each change in a little bit detail Quality improvement: Company constantly improving his quality of product and fitting to give the customer real satisfaction and value for money and the company always introduce new and improve technology in the manufacturing process. New Product Line: Primark introducing hundreds of new product lines every week to deliver up to date fashion regarding the customer needs and demand, when a new fashion introduce in the market its only take six weeks to come in company stores and it because of the advance and improve technological innovation. Primark introduced new product range as well like Denim Co, Butler and Webb range, Rebel, Early days and Backswing. Cut the cost of packing: Primark believes to deliver good quality products on affordable price, so company always try to find out new ways to minimize the price. In these days company made a strategy that to cut the cost of packing. Improvement of store operations: All the stores of Primark having a huge amount of customers every time and the pressure on the tilling was too much excessive, to reduce the customer check out time in long queues Primark installing more tills in every store, it helps the Primark to improve customer services and profitability as well. Return and Exchange Policy: Primark recently change its return and exchange policy. Prior if you want to return or exchange a product you could do only in same country with in 14 days but now you can return or exchange within 28 days and whichever country you want where company stores exist. Digital administration system: The Digital Administrative Management system (DAD) with Business Collaborators management solution providers has introduced to control of large information at one time and eliminated paper plans decreased admin costs by 50 percent as well as reduced confusion with overloading emails. Specifically it is supported to new store development functions. Good communication flow has been taking place with the system to control the information in an efficient way. Reduction in customers queue: An electronic call forward system is adopted to improve customer transaction times and minimise queuing at Primark. Treat in Primark ethical trading managed with IT In the past years, Primark is largely criticised in its gap in ethical trading systems with suppliers who are employing illegal migrant workers. Now new software having a tool Entropy will look the global suppliers to check the mandatory code of conduct of suppliers. Entropy is a web based supply chain audit systems, the remedial actions and quality of working environments can be checked. This is entirely a global system has its visibility and tools of greater control. Business Methodology of Primark Primark is the one of the largest company in UK related to ready mad garments, following are the business points of business methodology. Push urgency up: push up all the resources and skills for enhancement of quality in the field of garments industry using the high skilled and motivated team. Adaptation of new technology for control management process and ETI are significant practical way of getting in, with new information technology as Laudon and laudon 2008. New ordering system is a good example of JIT and Supply chain management. Primark all the time follow high moral and ethic values to serve customers and all member of organization. Its possible when customers happy and beneficial parallel with company in the industry. Interdicting new product lines, improvement of products quality, improving of operations management all are very relevant to TQM and Retail management theories. Primark has philosophy to provide facility of margin, benefits regarding price vice, quality vice, designing services and as well as with employees satisfaction, production, sale, logistic management and innovation for reducing cost and better management. Recommendations Primark should introduce online trading/purchasing. These will help them to increase their revenues, generate more profits and create customer value. It will also help them to become number one Retail firm in the UK. Primark should try to eliminate the perception of low quality from the Customers mind by introducing new products and offering a better quality and keeping the same price range. Primark should expand their business in developing countries. Primark should concentrate on Ethical trading where suppliers are employing unskilled labours to manufacture the clothing and are also offering them low pay scale which in turn is affecting the reputation of the Company. Primark should serve customers of all age groups and not just youngsters. Conclusion In this current credit crunch period where most of the companies are going to close down and some of them are struggling for their survival, Primark is the only organisation who is doing considerably well in this recession time. The only reason is that they are doing well is because they have understood the concept of innovation and change management. Innovation is very important for the organisation but people are scared to adapt and put themselves in innovation process as they dont know whether innovation will be good or bad for them or for their organisation. Primark has adapted to change and innovation has introduced various systems to operate their work efficiently and effectively. They are also opening new stores which are more spacious than before. The reason for their success is innovation. Innovation in Technology management and organisation plays a very important role in todays world of science.   References Albert N. (2006), Public Private Partnership Innovation Strategies and Policy Alternatives. USA: Spring Science + Business Media. Berman, B. and Evans, J. (2006) Retail Management a strategic approach. 10th ed., US, Pearson Prentice Hall. Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2007) Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed., USA: Pearson Education. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, M.D., Pagh, J.D., The International journal of logistics and Management, 1997, Volume-8, Page-1-14) Ettlie, J., (2006) Managing Innovation, 2nd , Butter worth-Heinemann Elsevier Fornell,C.,Krishnan,M.S.,and Mithas,S., Effect on Information Technology investments on Customer Satisfaction:Theory and Evidence,Ross school of Business Working Paper Series,Working Paper No.971,June 2005,pp 25-28 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation http://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2237685/primark-turns-manage-ethical [Accessed 12 August 2010] http://www.groupbc.com/clients/cases/Primark_Factsheet.pdf [Accessed 13 August 2010] http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ [Accessed 20 August 2010] Huber, G.P. Glick, W.H. (1995) Organisational change and redesign. 1st ed., US: Oxford University Press. Koellinger, P., (May, 2008) The Relationship between Technology, Innovation, and Firm Performance, Empirical Evidence on E-Business in Europe, ERIM Report Series Reference No.2008-031 Kotler, P. (2009) Marketing Management. London: Prentice Hall. Kotter, J. P. and Cohen, D. S. (2002) The heart of change. USA: Harvard Business Press. Kshetri, Nir,Institutional Factors Affecting Offshore Business Process and Information Technology Outsourcing, Journal of International Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2007. Lambert, D. M. (2008), Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed., Pearson Education. Lancaster G. and Reynolds P., (2004) Marketing. Wales UK, Palgrave Macmillan. Lancaster G., Massingham L. and Ashford R., (2002) Essentials of Marketing. 4th ed., London, McGraw-Hill. Laudon, J. and Laudon, K., (2008) Essentials of Management Information systems. 8th ed., Pearson Education. Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P. (2009) Management Information Systems. 11th ed., USA: Pearson Education. Lee, Jintae and Collar,Emilio, Information Technology Fashions(June 2002), MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4251-02,CCS No. 219 Mello et al (2006), Value Innovation Portfolio Management. Lauderdale, J. Ross Publishing. Nieto, M. (2006) An introduction to Human Resource Management. England: Palgrave Macmillan. Roger B. and Russel R. [2002], Innovative Leader. Managing Innovation by Managers, 11(5) Turner,J.,Laudon,Kenneth, Inforamtion technology and management strategy, NYU Working Paper No.IS-88-26,Feb 1988 www.bnet.com [Accessed on 12 August, 2010] www.Fashion.infomat [Accessed 15 August 2010]

The Coming of Age of Jeremy Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird :: Kill Mockingbird essays

The Coming of Age of Jeremy Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird The coming of age of Jem, Jeremy Finch, is shown in many ways throughout the book To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. He changes socially. He changes mentally. His feelings change emotionally. He also changes to become more of an adult figure. Another way he changes is that he changes physically. Jem changes through out the book socially by the way he starts having better feelings toward other people. There are many times when Jem start feeling bad for other people in the story, like when him and scout get in a fight but even though their mad at each other he still is grow up enough to know that he should say "Night, Scout." There are also many other incidents, like when he goes out and teaches Dill how to swim. Jem also goes through some bad social change when he turns "twelve. He is difficult to live with, inconsistent, and moody."(115). These are only a few of the things that Jem does to show that he is growing up in his social ways. Mental change is another type of change that Jem goes through. Jem start to think like an adult as he gets older in the book. He shows it at the trial of Tim Robinson when the jury is in the jury room and he starts to talk to Reverend Sykes. He starts saying thing about the trial and Reverend Sykes ask him not to talk like that in front of Scout. Which shows that he knows what he is talking about.(see page 208-209). There is also the time when he had to go and read to Mrs. Dubose which he later finds out about her drug addiction which he fully understands. So those are ways he changes mentally. Jem changes physically in many ways in the story. His hair stuck up behind and down in front, and I wondered if it would it would ever look like a man's-maybe if he shaved it off and started over, his hair would grow back neatly in place. His eyebrows were becoming heavier, and I noticed a new slimness about his body.

Opening sequence of “Star Wars-episode iv, A New Hope” Essay

â€Å"Star Wars† was arguably the first in a new breed of high concept, high budget sci-fi action films. It was directed by George Lucas and originally released in only a few cinemas in 1977. However, the buzz around the film grew, and it is now one of the highest grossing films of all time, and along with its sequels, prequels and re-mastered re-releases, has a large cult following. I feel this is because of Lucas` ability to engage the audience through careful use of sound and camera technique; The use of the scrolling story in space sets up many audience expectations, that the action will be set in space, and that it will base around a struggle between the rebels and the Empire. Narration is a fairly formal method of exposition, linked to the old style fairytale format, preparing the audience for a classic narrative and easily recognizable characters, and expectation that is fulfilled throughout the film (Leia is the princess needing rescue, Vader the â€Å"baddie† and Han Solo is the knight and shining armour for example). However, the traditional fairytale narrative also dictates that there should be a happy ending with all the loose ends tied up. This is not the case, for whilst the film ends on an up beat note, the ultimate threat of the Empire has not been neutralized, and has to be dealt with in a separate film. The opening section begins with what appears to us to be a large space ship, flying in from the bottom of the screen at great speed, instantly creating the enigma of who it is moving away from and why they are being fired upon. The next thing we experience is a truly huge battle cruiser gently fly in from the same direction, dwarfing the one seen before. This sets the audience up to expect grand scale- big ships and big battles. The ship rebel ship is relatively battered and older looking. This shows the rebels as the underdog, endearing them to the audience, and insinuates that this has been a long drawn out battle, preparing the audience for the fatigued chaos we see inside the ship. This contrasts sharply with the slick, cold battle cruiser, with a blue tint used to show the coldness of the empire. Because of the obvious superiority of the empires ship, we feel that it is a mismatch of power and begin to resent the empire for  persecuting the rebels. The non-diagetic sound of firing used throughout is cold and artificial, making it sound like they are using some unknown technology. This sound is heard almost constantly though the section and so only becomes conspicuous through its absence, and reinforces the relentlessness of the battle. The parallel editing from a shot of the ship sustaining damage to the people inside reacting to it help to link the outside battle with the following scenes in the rebel ship. Throughout this section, almost all shots of the rebels involve movement, conveying panic and inciting it in the audience as we realize that this is building up to something big. The walls of the rebel ship are bright white, and are fairly spacious. This contrast with the dark black interior of the empire ship we see later as the droids try to escape. The whiteness has almost heavenly connotations, making the audience feel like they are in a â€Å"good† place, and relatively secure. The black walls of the empire ship give a claustrophobic feel, and make the audience uncomfortable and want to escape. The constant non-diagetic background music is a march, based around horns, a traditionally powerful instrument, typically used to provide music for war films. It also mimics the raised, panicked heartbeat of the rebels. It subconsciously raises our own heartbeat, making the audience feel like they are part of the rebel â€Å"team† The CU’s on the rebel’s faces allow the audience to recognize the rebel’s terror, increasing their own anticipation. By seeing their faces, it humanizes the rebels and prepares the audience to be on their side, instead of the cold, expressionless masks of the empire. During these rebel shots, there are MCU’s on the two robots, a technique used throughout the sequence and indeed the film to distinguish the central characters. We also realize they are important because their bright metallic colouring makes them stand out from the background of uniformed rebels. Their voices are quite comical; C3P0’s English accent is so camp and inappropriate to the action packed setting that the audience find themselves laughing. R2D2’s language is not easily decipherable, and so many laughs are gained by inferring what he has said by C3P0’s response. This section introduces the audience to the idea that these characters will provide the comic relief for the film, and indeed, their presence in this section allows the audience to relieve a little of their tension by laughing, this is important because of the family based nature of the film, parents do not want their young children to be too scared. The camera moves to a tight shot of the door, framing it within the screen, showing that all attention is now diverted to it. The sparks from the cutters are exaggerated , to emphasise their importance, and run around the screen, creating the impression that the intruders are breaking into the audience’s real world, further allying them with the rebels. The Storm troopers break through, and an eye line shot from their perspective is used to show the rebels firing back; connoting a â€Å"new perspective† has arrived. The cutters continue, and when the camera cuts back, they have created a smoke screen , and enigma is created as to what will appear next. At this point, all sound cuts to silence, leaving the audience with the sound of their own raised heartbeat and breathing and intensifying the anticipation. When Vader steps through, only his exaggerated breathing is heard, focusing all our attention on him, making the audience question why he needs a respirator. Vader is instantly identifiable as â€Å"evil†, the shot place him at the center of the screen, and he is dressed head to toe in black, as opposed to rebel white ship, a symbol of the goodness of their principles and their â€Å"purity†, they have no need for masks or machines. The non-diagetic music then begins its â€Å"Empire† motif, an easily recognizable section used whenever Vader is around or to imply his involvement. This contrasts with the rebel motif that was heard at the very beginning of the section, and is one of the most easily identifiable pieces of film music in history. The use of these motifs enhances the binary opposition of good and evil by giving them completely different music. It also helps build an international cult following, because the iconic music is assessable to all. This makes the audience feel smug at being part of a community that recognizes these motifs. Cut to POV shot, C3PO watching R2D2 receive the message from Leia. Leia is instantly recognizable as a princess- she is shot in soft focus and gentle non-diagetic music plays, to mirror the implied gentleness of her personality. The long shot used means we cannot see her face, so it establishes an enigma as to who she is, whom she is sending the message to and what the message is. During this sequence, the gentle non-diagetic music and the lack of firing sounds allow the audience to feel relaxed for a short moment. This is a classic act of retardation as they are immediately confronted with Vader, in a MCU two shot with his commander. The way that Vader dominates the frame shows his superiority over the commander. Vader’s voice is very deep and rasping, and sounds processed. This makes him appear â€Å"other worldly†, and the deepness of his voice is traditionally linked to big characters, such as monsters or giants. This makes the audience feel very small and insignificant The CU of the soldiers legs is shot from a low angle, further emphasizing Vader’s stature and Making the audience aware of his dangerous strength and his Jedi powers, which sets up an audience expectation about use of â€Å"the force† The CU on Leia’s face is a contrast to the strength and brutality of the last, as it is once again in soft focus. The conversation between her and Vader is a montage of eye line shots and FS’s, with them at either side of the screen. The eye line shots are very confrontational, designed to make the audience feel as if they are right in the middle of their argument. The full shot conveys to the audience that their views oppose each other, and  reinforces the binary opposites- black vs. white, empire vs. rebels, young vs. old ect. By showing us the droids entering the escape pod, it creates an unrestricted narrative; the audience knows what is inside. Because of this knowledge, we feel superior to the empire troops, who let it pass, further reinforcing our allegiance to the rebels.

Setting Up Laws for Cyberbullying Essay - 793 Words

â€Å"I don’t know why everybody hates me so much. But maybe I do because now I hate me too. Right now, I don’t see the reason for trying, or for talking, or for breathing. I’m just done† (â€Å"Cyberbully†). Scary words, right? These few sentences from the movie Cyberbully could be someone’s last few words. Cyberbullying is the inappropriate use of electronic communication to bully a person through text messages, rumors, pictures, fake profiles etc. on social networking sites. Cyberbullying should have specific laws against it. If all abuse is illegal and against the laws, then why is cyberbullying not? Cyberbullying is equivalent to the effects of traditional bullying because it causes pain, whether emotional or physical. This nation can decide†¦show more content†¦Subsequently, cyberbullying causes emotional and psychological distress that drastically effects the cyberbullied victims. Sometimes â€Å"the stress of dealing with [c yber]bullying can cause [them] to feel like the situation is more then [what] they can handle† (Gordon 1). It becomes overwhelming for the individual and causes fear amongst themselves. It feels like cyberbullying is everywhere to them because it invades their home through computers or cell phones and makes them feel usafe. No one would want their child to not feel safe in their own residence. Cyberbullying makes the victim feel alone and isolated. When cyberbullying occurs, â€Å"most people recommend turning off the [device]. But, for teens this often means cutting off communication with their world. Their computers [or phones] are one of the most important ways to communicat with others. If that option is removed they can feel secluded and cut off [from] the world† (Gordon 2). Cyberbullying potentially takes away one’s dignity away because of the humiliating things said or written, and once it is on the internet it will always be there. Only option to prevent all these circumstances from continuing to happen is to end cyberbullying by making specific and strict laws for it. Furthermore, cyberbulling provokes self-harm or suicide. According to statistics, suicide is the third leading cause of deathShow MoreRelatedCyberbullying : What Teachers And Schools Can Do From The Scholastic Inc.1140 Words   |  5 Pagesofficial states in her article Cyberbullying: What teachers and schools can do from the Scholastic Inc. in 2014, â€Å"42% of kids have been bullied online—1 in 4 have had it happen more than once†. Central Idea: Cyberbullying must be stopped, cyberbullies are using sites like Facebook and text messaging to bully their victims. According to cyberbullying statistics in their article Bullying Statistics in 2013 states around half of all teens have been victims to cyberbullying, the person sitting next to youRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Cyberbullying1691 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying Hurts! 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